计算机专业英语:计算机组成原理中英对照
作者：我就是个世界
发表于：2008-10-19
[color=#B22222]计算机专业英语:计算机组成原理中英对照[/color]
COMPUTER HARDWARE 计算机硬件
Computer systems consist of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical part of the system. Once designed，hardware is difficult and expensive to change. Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware.
计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是系统的物理部分。硬件一旦设计完毕，要修改是困难的，并且花费也大。软件是指挥硬件的程序集合，比硬件容易修改。
Every computer has four basic hardware components： 每台计算机都有如下4种基本硬件部件：
• Input devices． 输入设备
• Output devices. 输出设备 [separator]
•Main memory. 主存储器
Central processing unit（CPU）． 中央处理器
A PROCESSOR 处理器
A processor is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit—and a set of special workspaces called registers．
处理器由两个功能部件（控制部件和算术逻辑部件）与一组称为寄存器的特殊工作空间组成。
The Control Unit 控制部件
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit 算术逻辑部件
Registers 寄存器
MEMORY SYSTEMS 存储系统
Memory Devices 存储器
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY 随机存储器
READ-ONLY MEMORY 只读存储器
MAGNETIC DISKS 磁盘
CD-ROMS 只读光盘
MAGNETIC TAPE 磁带
INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM 输入输出(I/O系统)
Programmed I/O 程序控制I/O
Programmed I/O，also known as direct I/O，is accomplished by a program executing on the processor itself to control the I/O operations and transfer the data．
程序控制I/O，又称直接I/O，由在处理器上执行的程序去控制I/O操作和传送数据。
Memory-Mapped I/O 存储器映射I/O
Memory-Mapped I/O is another form of programmed I/O that maps the device connections to bits in memory address space
存储器映射I/O是另一种程序控制I/O，它把I/O设备连接映射成存储器地址空间中的位组，
Interrupt I/O 中断I/O
Because of the low efficiency of pure programmed or memory-mapped I/O in high-performance system，so interrupt is produced．
由于对高性能系统来说纯程序控制I/O或存储器映射I/O的效率都很低，所以又出现了中断方式。
Coprocessor I/O 协处理器I/O
When the processor is being used to control I/O and move the data，there is a loss of processor efficiency．[8] Thus the idea naturally arises to use a second processor or coprocessor for I/O．
当处理器用于控制I/O和传送数据时，其效率下降。因而自然会想到用第二个处理器或协处理器去处理I/O。
I/O devices 输入输出设备：
1.INTERACTIVE INPUT 交互性输入
2.DIRECT INPUT 直接输入
3.SPEECH RECOGNITION 语音识别
4.SENSOR INPUT 传感器输入
5.DISPLAY OUTPUTS 显示输出
6.PRINTERS FOR DOCUMENT OUTPUTS 文本打印机
BUSES AND CONTROLLERS 总线和控制器
COMPUTER HARDWARE 计算机硬件
Computer systems consist of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical part of the system. Once designed，hardware is difficult and expensive to change. Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware.
计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是系统的物理部分。硬件一旦设计完毕，要修改是困难的，并且花费也大。软件是指挥硬件的程序集合，比硬件容易修改。
Every computer has four basic hardware components： 每台计算机都有如下4种基本硬件部件：
• Input devices． 输入设备
• Output devices. 输出设备 [separator]
•Main memory. 主存储器
Central processing unit（CPU）． 中央处理器
A PROCESSOR 处理器
A processor is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit—and a set of special workspaces called registers．
处理器由两个功能部件（控制部件和算术逻辑部件）与一组称为寄存器的特殊工作空间组成。
The Control Unit 控制部件
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit 算术逻辑部件
Registers 寄存器
MEMORY SYSTEMS 存储系统
Memory Devices 存储器
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY 随机存储器
READ-ONLY MEMORY 只读存储器
MAGNETIC DISKS 磁盘
CD-ROMS 只读光盘
MAGNETIC TAPE 磁带
INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM 输入输出(I/O系统)
Programmed I/O 程序控制I/O
Programmed I/O，also known as direct I/O，is accomplished by a program executing on the processor itself to control the I/O operations and transfer the data．
程序控制I/O，又称直接I/O，由在处理器上执行的程序去控制I/O操作和传送数据。
Memory-Mapped I/O 存储器映射I/O
Memory-Mapped I/O is another form of programmed I/O that maps the device connections to bits in memory address space
存储器映射I/O是另一种程序控制I/O，它把I/O设备连接映射成存储器地址空间中的位组，
Interrupt I/O 中断I/O
Because of the low efficiency of pure programmed or memory-mapped I/O in high-performance system，so interrupt is produced．
由于对高性能系统来说纯程序控制I/O或存储器映射I/O的效率都很低，所以又出现了中断方式。
Coprocessor I/O 协处理器I/O
When the processor is being used to control I/O and move the data，there is a loss of processor efficiency．[8] Thus the idea naturally arises to use a second processor or coprocessor for I/O．
当处理器用于控制I/O和传送数据时，其效率下降。因而自然会想到用第二个处理器或协处理器去处理I/O。
I/O devices 输入输出设备：
1.INTERACTIVE INPUT 交互性输入
2.DIRECT INPUT 直接输入
3.SPEECH RECOGNITION 语音识别
4.SENSOR INPUT 传感器输入
5.DISPLAY OUTPUTS 显示输出
6.PRINTERS FOR DOCUMENT OUTPUTS 文本打印机
BUSES AND CONTROLLERS 总线和控制器
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